Fix watchOS Memory Leaks (#3110)

* Add watchOS sample project for testing.

* Always disassociate on watchOS.

* Add information comment about watchOS workaround.

* Clean up the watchOS example.

* Add bug and workarounds to README and documentation.

* Add proper licensing headers.

* Delay completion of request for test stability.

Alamofire.xcworkspace/contents.xcworkspacedata

@@ -7,4 +7,7 @@
    <FileRef
       location = "group:Example/iOS Example.xcodeproj">
    </FileRef>
+   <FileRef
+      location = "group:watchOS Example/watchOS Example.xcodeproj">
+   </FileRef>
 </Workspace>

Documentation/AdvancedUsage.md

@@ -363,6 +363,8 @@ AF.request(...)
     }
 ```
 
+> Due to `FB7624529`, collection of `URLSessionTaskMetrics` on watchOS is currently disabled.
+
 ### `DataRequest`
 `DataRequest` is a subclass of `Request` which encapsulates a `URLSessionDataTask` downloading a server response into `Data` stored in memory. Therefore, it’s important to realize that extremely large downloads may adversely affect system performance. For those types of downloads, using `DownloadRequest` to save the data to disk is recommended.
 

Documentation/Usage.md

@@ -818,6 +818,8 @@ AF.request("https://httpbin.org/get").responseJSON { response in
 }
 ```
 
+> Due to `FB7624529`, collection of `URLSessionTaskMetrics` on watchOS is currently disabled.
+
 ### cURL Command Output
 
 Debugging platform issues can be frustrating. Thankfully, Alamofire's `Request` type can produce the equivalent cURL command for easy debugging. Due to the asynchronous nature of Alamofire's `Request` creation, this API has both synchronous and asynchronous versions. To get the cURL command as soon as possible, you can chain the `cURLDescription` onto a request:

README.md

@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ The following radars have some effect on the current implementation of Alamofire
 - [`rdar://21349340`](http://www.openradar.me/radar?id=5517037090635776) - Compiler throwing warning due to toll-free bridging issue in test case
 - `rdar://26870455` - Background URL Session Configurations do not work in the simulator
 - `rdar://26849668` - Some URLProtocol APIs do not properly handle `URLRequest`
+- `FB7624529` - `urlSession(_:task:didFinishCollecting:)` never called on watchOS
 
 ## Resolved Radars
 
@@ -161,7 +162,12 @@ The following radars have been resolved over time after being filed against the
   - (Resolved): 9/1/17 in Xcode 9 beta 6.
 - [`rdar://36082113`](http://openradar.appspot.com/radar?id=4942308441063424) - `URLSessionTaskMetrics` failing to link on watchOS 3.0+
   - (Resolved): Just add `CFNetwork` to your linked frameworks.
-  
+
+## Workarounds
+
+- Collection of `URLSessionTaskMetrics` is currently disabled on watchOS due to `FB7624529`.
+- `-no_compact_unwind` linker warning is currently disabled on watchOS due to the persistent existence of the warning.
+
 ## FAQ
 
 ### What's the origin of the name Alamofire?

Source/RequestTaskMap.swift

@@ -129,8 +129,12 @@ struct RequestTaskMap {
 
         switch (events.completed, events.metricsGathered) {
         case (true, _): fatalError("RequestTaskMap consistency error: duplicate completionReceivedForTask call.")
+        #if os(watchOS) // watchOS doesn't gather metrics, so unconditionally remove the reference and return true.
+        default: self[task] = nil; return true
+        #else
         case (false, false): taskEvents[task] = (completed: true, metricsGathered: false); return false
         case (false, true): self[task] = nil; return true
+        #endif
         }
     }
 }

Source/Response.swift

@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ public struct DataResponse<Success, Failure: Error> {
     public let data: Data?
 
     /// The final metrics of the response.
+    ///
+    /// - Note: Due to `FB7624529`, collection of `URLSessionTaskMetrics` on watchOS is currently disabled.`
+    ///
     public let metrics: URLSessionTaskMetrics?
 
     /// The time taken to serialize the response.
@@ -224,6 +227,9 @@ public struct DownloadResponse<Success, Failure: Error> {
     public let resumeData: Data?
 
     /// The final metrics of the response.
+    ///
+    /// - Note: Due to `FB7624529`, collection of `URLSessionTaskMetrics` on watchOS is currently disabled.`
+    ///
     public let metrics: URLSessionTaskMetrics?
 
     /// The time taken to serialize the response.

Tests/SessionTests.swift

@@ -1571,6 +1571,16 @@ final class SessionCancellationTestCase: BaseTestCase {
         final class OnceRetrier: RequestInterceptor {
             private var hasRetried = false
 
+            func adapt(_ urlRequest: URLRequest, for session: Session, completion: @escaping (Result<URLRequest, Error>) -> Void) {
+                if hasRetried {
+                    var request = urlRequest
+                    request.url = URL.makeHTTPBinURL(path: "delay/1")
+                    completion(.success(request))
+                } else {
+                    completion(.success(urlRequest))
+                }
+            }
+
             func retry(_ request: Request, for session: Session, dueTo error: Error, completion: @escaping (RetryResult) -> Void) {
                 completion(hasRetried ? .doNotRetry : .retry)
                 hasRetried = true

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit App/Assets.xcassets/AppIcon.appiconset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "size" : "24x24",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "notificationCenter",
+      "subtype" : "38mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "27.5x27.5",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "notificationCenter",
+      "subtype" : "42mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "role" : "companionSettings",
+      "scale" : "2x"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "29x29",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "role" : "companionSettings",
+      "scale" : "3x"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "40x40",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "appLauncher",
+      "subtype" : "38mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "44x44",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "appLauncher",
+      "subtype" : "40mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "50x50",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "appLauncher",
+      "subtype" : "44mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "86x86",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "quickLook",
+      "subtype" : "38mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "98x98",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "quickLook",
+      "subtype" : "42mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "size" : "108x108",
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "role" : "quickLook",
+      "subtype" : "44mm"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch-marketing",
+      "size" : "1024x1024",
+      "scale" : "1x"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit App/Assets.xcassets/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit App/Base.lproj/Interface.storyboard

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.WatchKit.Storyboard" version="3.0" toolsVersion="11134" targetRuntime="watchKit" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" colorMatched="YES" initialViewController="3mp-fW-waa">
+    <dependencies>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="11106"/>
+        <plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBWatchKitPlugin" version="11055"/>
+    </dependencies>
+    <scenes>
+        <!--Interface Controller-->
+        <scene sceneID="aou-V4-d1y">
+            <objects>
+                <hostingController id="3mp-fW-waa" customClass="HostingController"
+                customModuleProvider="target"/>
+            </objects>
+        </scene>
+    </scenes>
+</document>

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit App/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>$(DEVELOPMENT_LANGUAGE)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
+	<string>watchOS Example WatchKit App</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_PACKAGE_TYPE)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1</string>
+	<key>UISupportedInterfaceOrientations</key>
+	<array>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait</string>
+		<string>UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown</string>
+	</array>
+	<key>WKWatchKitApp</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Circular.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "assets" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Circular.imageset",
+      "role" : "circular"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Extra Large.imageset",
+      "role" : "extra-large"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Graphic Bezel.imageset",
+      "role" : "graphic-bezel"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Graphic Circular.imageset",
+      "role" : "graphic-circular"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Graphic Corner.imageset",
+      "role" : "graphic-corner"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Graphic Large Rectangular.imageset",
+      "role" : "graphic-large-rectangular"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Modular.imageset",
+      "role" : "modular"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "filename" : "Utilitarian.imageset",
+      "role" : "utilitarian"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Extra Large.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Graphic Bezel.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Graphic Circular.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Graphic Corner.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Graphic Large Rectangular.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Modular.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Complication.complicationset/Utilitarian.imageset/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+  "images" : [
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : "<=145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">161"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">145"
+    },
+    {
+      "idiom" : "watch",
+      "scale" : "2x",
+      "screen-width" : ">183"
+    }
+  ],
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Assets.xcassets/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/ContentView.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//
+//  ContentView.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2020 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Alamofire
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct ContentView: View {
+    @ObservedObject var networking: Networking
+
+    var body: some View {
+        VStack {
+            Button(action: { self.networking.performRequest() },
+                   label: { Text("Perform Request") })
+            Text(networking.message)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct ContentViewPreviews: PreviewProvider {
+    static let networking = Networking()
+
+    static var previews: some View {
+        ContentView(networking: networking)
+    }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/ExtensionDelegate.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//
+//  ExtensionDelegate.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2020 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import WatchKit
+
+class ExtensionDelegate: NSObject, WKExtensionDelegate {
+    func handle(_ backgroundTasks: Set<WKRefreshBackgroundTask>) {
+        // Sent when the system needs to launch the application in the background to process tasks. Tasks arrive in a set, so loop through and process each one.
+        for task in backgroundTasks {
+            // Use a switch statement to check the task type
+            switch task {
+            case let backgroundTask as WKApplicationRefreshBackgroundTask:
+                // Be sure to complete the background task once you’re done.
+                backgroundTask.setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot(false)
+            case let snapshotTask as WKSnapshotRefreshBackgroundTask:
+                // Snapshot tasks have a unique completion call, make sure to set your expiration date
+                snapshotTask.setTaskCompleted(restoredDefaultState: true, estimatedSnapshotExpiration: Date.distantFuture, userInfo: nil)
+            case let connectivityTask as WKWatchConnectivityRefreshBackgroundTask:
+                // Be sure to complete the connectivity task once you’re done.
+                connectivityTask.setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot(false)
+            case let urlSessionTask as WKURLSessionRefreshBackgroundTask:
+                // Be sure to complete the URL session task once you’re done.
+                urlSessionTask.setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot(false)
+            case let relevantShortcutTask as WKRelevantShortcutRefreshBackgroundTask:
+                // Be sure to complete the relevant-shortcut task once you're done.
+                relevantShortcutTask.setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot(false)
+            case let intentDidRunTask as WKIntentDidRunRefreshBackgroundTask:
+                // Be sure to complete the intent-did-run task once you're done.
+                intentDidRunTask.setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot(false)
+            default:
+                // make sure to complete unhandled task types
+                task.setTaskCompletedWithSnapshot(false)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/HostingController.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//
+//  HostingController.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2020 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Foundation
+import SwiftUI
+import WatchKit
+
+class HostingController: WKHostingController<ContentView> {
+    let networking = Networking()
+
+    override var body: ContentView {
+        ContentView(networking: networking)
+    }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Info.plist

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+	<string>$(DEVELOPMENT_LANGUAGE)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
+	<string>watchOS Example WatchKit Extension</string>
+	<key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+	<string>$(EXECUTABLE_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_NAME)</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_PACKAGE_TYPE)</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1</string>
+	<key>NSExtension</key>
+	<dict>
+		<key>NSExtensionAttributes</key>
+		<dict>
+			<key>WKAppBundleIdentifier</key>
+			<string>org.alamofire.watchOS-Example.watchkitapp</string>
+		</dict>
+		<key>NSExtensionPointIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.watchkit</string>
+	</dict>
+	<key>WKExtensionDelegateClassName</key>
+	<string>$(PRODUCT_MODULE_NAME).ExtensionDelegate</string>
+	<key>WKWatchOnly</key>
+	<true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Networking.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//
+//  Networking.swift
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2020 Alamofire Software Foundation (http://alamofire.org/)
+//
+//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//  all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//  THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+import Alamofire
+import Combine
+
+final class Networking: ObservableObject {
+    @Published var result: Result<HTTPBinResponse, AFError>?
+    @Published var message = "No response."
+
+    private var storage: Set<AnyCancellable> = []
+
+    init() {
+        $result
+            .compactMap { $0 }
+            .map {
+                if case .success = $0 {
+                    return "Successful!"
+                } else {
+                    return "Failed!"
+                }
+            }
+            .assign(to: \.message, on: self)
+            .store(in: &storage)
+    }
+
+    func performRequest() {
+        AF.request("https://httpbin.org/get").responseDecodable(of: HTTPBinResponse.self) { response in
+            self.result = response.result
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct HTTPBinResponse: Decodable {
+    let url: String
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example WatchKit Extension/Preview Content/Preview Assets.xcassets/Contents.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "info" : {
+    "version" : 1,
+    "author" : "xcode"
+  }
+}

watchOS Example/watchOS Example.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+// !$*UTF8*$!
+{
+	archiveVersion = 1;
+	classes = {
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+			name = "Embed App Extensions";
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+		};
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+			buildActionMask = 2147483647;
+			dstPath = "$(CONTENTS_FOLDER_PATH)/Watch";
+			dstSubfolderSpec = 16;
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+			name = "Embed Watch Content";
+			runOnlyForDeploymentPostprocessing = 0;
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+			files = (
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+			name = "Embed Frameworks";
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+				318E331D2419AD1D00BDE48F /* watchOS Example WatchKit Extension.appex */,
+			);
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+			sourceTree = "<group>";
+		};
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+			isa = PBXGroup;
+			children = (
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+			);
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+			sourceTree = "<group>";
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+			children = (
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+				318E33262419AD1D00BDE48F /* ExtensionDelegate.swift */,
+				318E33242419AD1D00BDE48F /* HostingController.swift */,
+				318E332D2419AD1D00BDE48F /* Info.plist */,
+				31338A12241D9B410096C205 /* Networking.swift */,
+				318E332A2419AD1D00BDE48F /* Preview Content */,
+			);
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+		};
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+			children = (
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+			);
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+		};
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+
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+			);
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+				318E331C2419AD1D00BDE48F /* watchOS Example WatchKit Extension */,
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